Poviedkový Workshop I
Človek je tvor omylný, a preto sme si vo workshope pre vás pripravili zopár rád, ako sa vyhnút častým chybám, ktorých sa dopúšťajú (nielen) začínajúci autori.
V prvej časti sa budeme venovať predovšetkým technickej stránke poviedok, ktorá je ich neodmysliteľnou súčasťou a veľa krát rozhoduje o kvalite samotného diela.
Delenie textu do odstavcov
- prvou chybou je delenie textu. Znižuje to podstatne jeho hodnotu, nech je akokoľvek dobrý, pretože čitateľ sa ľahko môže v ňom stratiť a pri čítaní textu ako jedného celku, sa môže stať, že jednotlivé udalosti sa mu začnú zlievať dokopy a bude sa musieť často vrátiť naspäť, aby vedel o čom to celé je.
Riešenie:
- deliť text podľa potreby poviedky, pri zmene udalostí a deja. Taktiež priamu reč oddeľovať od predošlého textu a začať ju vždy v novom riadku
- pre porovnanie malá ukážka deleného textu a textu bez odstavcov:
Temné mraky zahalili mesiac a studený morský vietor rozhojdal koruny stromov. Blížilo sa Zlo. Napätie a strach v očiach čarodejníkov prezrádzali, že očakávajú to najhoršie.
Ticho. Nikde nebolo nič počuť. Aj koruny stromov sa kolísali bez zvuku. Všetko vyzeralo tak nevinne a predsa vedeli, že príde!
Minúty ubiehali pomalšie ako roky. Všetci čakali vo vstupnej hale.
Hrmenie, dážď... blesk. Jedna z veží bola zasiahnutá bleskom a úlomky kameňa dopadli na nádvorie. Znamenie, že je tu. Hustý dážď začal bubnovať na oknách a hrať svoju melódiu smrti. Útok na poslednú školu začal.
Vstupná brána začala horieť. Plamene boli veľké a chladné. Boli to magické plamene. Netrvalo dlho, vlastne to nebola ani minúta a brána zhorela. Do vnútra prenikol studený vietor a dážď.
Za ním následovali kúzla, ktoré si razili cestu tmou a hľadali svoje obete. Traja čarodejníci padli na zem. Ostatní začali kúzliť na votrelcov. Služobníci Lorda Dalchiusa prenikli do hradu a začal sa boj na život a na smrť.
Temné mraky zahalili mesiac a studený morský vietor rozhojdal koruny stromov. Blížilo sa Zlo. Napätie a strach v očiach čarodejníkov prezrádzali, že očakávajú to najhoršie.
Ticho. Nikde nebolo nič počuť. Aj koruny stromov sa kolísali bez zvuku. Všetko vyzeralo tak nevinne a predsa vedeli, že príde! Minúty ubiehali pomalšie ako roky. Všetci čakali vo vstupnej hale. Hrmenie, dážď... blesk. Jedna z veží bola zasiahnutá bleskom a úlomky kameňa dopadli na nádvorie. Znamenie, že je tu. Hustý dážď začal bubnovať na oknách a hrať svoju melódiu smrti. Útok na poslednú školu začal. Vstupná brána začala horieť. Plamene boli veľké a chladné. Boli to magické plamene. Netrvalo dlho, vlastne to nebola ani minúta a brána zhorela. Do vnútra prenikol studený vietor a dážď. Za ním následovali kúzla, ktoré si razili cestu tmou a hľadali svoje obete. Traja čarodejníci padli na zem. Ostatní začali kúzliť na votrelcov. Služobníci Lorda Dalchiusa prenikli do hradu a začal sa boj na život a na smrť.
- porovnajte sami, ktoré prevedenie textu sa vám ľahšie čítalo
- delenie textu je základom každej dobrej poviedky (súťažné poviedky bez odstavcov bývajú častokrát ignorované práve kvôli nečitateľnosti, hoci ich kvalita môže byť vysoká)
Práca chvatná, málo platná:
- ďalšou chybou je, že autori po sebe málokedy poriadne prečítajú svoje poviedky a rýchlo sa ich snažia niekde publikovať alebo niekam poslať. To má potom za následok, že čitatelia vidia poviedky, ktoré môžu byť dobré, ale táto chyba ich môže často odradiť. Znižuje sa tým nielen kvalita poviedky, ale aj autora a hlavne jeho prístup k písaniu, k jeho poviedkam a v neposlednom rade k samotným čitateľom.
Riešenie:
- odložiť poviedku pokojne aj na mesiac a znovu sa ku nej vrátiť neskôr. Pomôže to nájsť mnohé nielen gramatické chyby, ale aj logické súvislosti, ktoré nemusia byť až také samozrejmé, ako sa nám to zdalo počas písania.
- ďalším dobrým riešením je dať poviedku prečítať nezainteresovanej osobe a nechať si ju zhodnotiť (na to slúžia rôzne workshopy, prípadne internetové portály, kde vám vaše diela zverejnia, a kde máte možnosť spätnej väzky od čitateľov)
Priama reč:
- problém s písaním priamej reči (PR) je jednou z najčastejších chýb, ktoré sa v poviedkach objavujú. Medzi tie začiatočnícke patrí hlavne oddeľovanie PR od ostatného textu (v novom riadku). Medzi tie ostatné patrí hlavne gramatické písanie PR, hlavne ak po nej nasleduje ďalší text, prípadne sa PR nachádza medzi dvoma opisnými vetami
Riešenie:
- keďže pravidlá písania PR sú všade rovnaké, stačí si zobrať knihy slovenského (českého) jazyka a znovu zaspomínať na staré školské časy.
- ako príklad si ukážeme stručné základy písania PR (prebraté z článku A. Pavelkovej na stránke Fandomu – celý článok si môžete prečítať TU):
Umiestnenie úvodzoviek v priamej reči má svoje pevné pravidlá.
"Voniaš ako lesná čistina za letného rána," vydýchol. - je dobre.
"Voniaš ako lesná čistina za letného rána", vydýchol. - je zle.
Oboje úvodzovky umiestnené hore sú v spisovnej slovenčine nesprávne (pozn. webmaster - samozrejme, prehliadače to zobrazujú práve takto).
Príklad:
P = priama reč
U = uvádzacia veta
1. spôsob:
U.....................: "P.........................(!?)"
U.....................: - P.........................(!?)
2. spôsob:
"P.........................,(!?)" u......................
- P.........................,(!?) - u......................
3. spôsob:
"P.........................," u....................., "p...........................(!?)"
- P.........................,(!?) - u....................., - p...........................(!?) –
Normostrana:
- pojem, ktorý sa vyskytuje v pravidlách každej súťaže, avšak nie každý autor presne vie, čo to normostrana vlastne je.
- normostrana je skratka od pojmu normalizovaná strana a predstavuje formát textu. Ide o zarovnanie textu, aby bol dobre čitateľný.
- v praxi predstavuje normostrana jednu stranu textu, na ktorú sa vojde 1800 znakov. Štandardne ide o 30 riadkov po 60 znakov.
Riešenie:
- riešení ako upraviť svoj text na normostranu je niekoľko. Asi najčastejšie sa používa nastavenie textového editoru na riadkovanie 1,5 a veľkosť písma 12 (pri Worde sa ako font používa New Times Roman). Zarovnanie okrajov môže byť rôzne, ale štandard je 3cm na stranách textu a približne 3,5cm na hornej a dolnej strane.
- medzi menej používané nastavenia patrí zarovnanie textu do stĺpca (vo Worde posledna možnosť – justify), riadkovanie 1,5 a font Courier New.
- možností úpravy normostrany je veľa, a je len na autorovi, pre ktorú variantu sa rozhodne. Dôležité je však dodržať počet normostrán, ktoré jednotlivé súťaže vyžadujú. Ak sa vám zdá, že vaša poviedka má viac normostrán, ako by mala mať (čo môže spôsobiť výber zarovnania textu), jednoduchým riešením je zrátanie znakov. Ako sme písali v úvode normostrana predstavuje 1800 znakov na jednu stranu. Ak v pravidlách súťaže je napríklad maximálna dĺžka textu 10 normostrán, text by nemal presiahnuť
18 000 znakov.
- zistiť počet znakov v texte sa dá jednoducho pomocou funkcie Word Count (počet slov) vo Worde. Po spustení tejto funkcie sa nám objaví malá tabulka, ktorá obsahuje údaje o počte strán, počte slov v texte, a hlavne o počte znakov. Pre nás je dôležitým údajom počet znakov spolu s medzerami, ktoré sa tiež rátajú ako znak.
- ak vaša poviedka presahuje limit súťaže o pár znakov, nie je to dôvod na paniku, ani na skracovanie textu (čo môže viesť k zníženiu jeho kvality). Vo všeobecnosti platí, že porota toleruje, keď je poviedka dlhšia ako určujú stanovy, pokiaľ to je prijateľné (to znamená, že ak poviedka presiahne limit približne o pol normostrany, netreba sa báť).
Zvýrazňovanie textu:
- zvýrazňovanie textu sa často používa, ak ide o vnútorný prejav postáv alebo ak chce autor dôrazne poukázať na nejakú časť textu.
- možností zvýrazňovania textu je niekoľko:
a) zmenou písma (zvýraznenie, podčiaknutie)
b) použitím veľkých písmen
c) zmenou fontu
- ak sa autor rozhodne zvýrazniť nejakú časť svojho textu alebo dôležitú myšlienku, musí si uvedomiť, ako táto zmena bude pôsobiť v celom kontexte.
Riešenie:
- presný návod kedy, kde a ako zvýrazňovať text neexistuje. Je to na autorovi (ak sa tak rozhodne), aký štýl si zvolí. Dôležité je si však dať pozor, aby to malo svoje opodstatnenie. Teda aby sa zvýraznením textu dosiahlo to, čo autor zamýšľal (napríklad poukázať na dôležitú myšlienku)
- v opačnom prípade hrozí, že text sa stane nečitateľným, pretože čitateľa budú odrádzať rôzne typy písma (prípadne iné úpravy). Určite nie je vhodné písať každú stranu iným fontom. Text síce vyzerá pestro, ale čitateľa to skôr zmätie.
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An Introduction to Online Casino Gambling in South Korea
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